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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 SST Chapter 6 The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 SST Chapter 6 The Beginnings of Indian Civilisation भारतीय सभ्यता का प्रारंभ 

Page No. 85 | पेज न. 85 


Question 1:
What is a civilisation? 
सभ्यता क्या है?
Answer

A civilisation is used for an advanced stage of human societies. It generally includes characteristics such as:
(1) some form of government and administration to manage a more comple society and its manyy activities;
(2) urbasism - town-planning, the growth of cities and their management, which generally includes water management and a drainage system;
(3) a veriety of crafts;
(4) trade;
(5) some form of writing. 

सभ्यता का उपयोग मानव समाज के उन्नत चरण के लिए किया जाता है। इसमें आम तौर पर निम्नलिखित विशेषताएं शामिल होती हैं:
(1) शासन और प्रशासन का कोई रुप जटिल समाज और उसके अनेक कार्यकलापों के प्रबंधन हेतु। 
(2) नगरीकरण - नगर योजना, नगरों का विकास और उनका प्रबंधन, जिसमें सामान्यत: जल प्रबंधन और जल निकास व्यवस्था आती है। 
(3) विभिन्न प्रकार के शिप। 
(4) व्यापार 
(5) लेखन का कोई रुप। 


Question 2:
What was the earliest civilisation of the Indian Subcontinent? 
भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप की आरंभिक सभ्यता कौन-सी थी?
Answer
The earliest civilisation in the Indian subcontinent was the Indus Valley Civilisation, also called the Harappan Civilisation.
भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप की आरंभिक सभ्यता सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता थी, जिसे हड़प्पा सभ्यता भी कहा जाता है।


Question 3:
What were its major achievements?
उसकी मुख्य उपलब्धियाँ क्या थीं?
Answer
The major achievements of the Indus Valley Civilisation include:
(1) Well-planned cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.
(2) Advanced drainage and sanitation systems.
(3) Development of a standardized system of weights and measures.
(4) Skilled craftsmanship in pottery, jewellery, and metallurgy.
(5) Active trade with regions like Mesopotamia.
सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता की प्रमुख उपलब्धियों में शामिल हैं:
(1) हड़प्पा और मोहनजोदड़ो जैसे सुनियोजित शहर।
(2) उन्नत जल निकासी और स्वच्छता प्रणालियाँ।
(3) भार और माप की एक मानकीकृत प्रणाली का विकास।
(4) मिट्टी के बर्तन, आभूषण और धातु विज्ञान में कुशल शिल्प कौशल।
(5) मेसोपोटामिया जैसे क्षेत्रों के साथ सक्रिय व्यापार।


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