NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter - 1 Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter - 1 Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years

1. Who was considered a “foreigner” in the past? 

अतीत में विदेशी किसे माना जाता था? Answer: In the past, anyone who was alien to a certain society was called a foreigner. मध्यकाल में गाँव में आने वाला कोई भी अजनबी व्यक्ति जो समाज और संस्कृति का अंग न हो, विदेशी कहलाता था। ऐसे व्यक्ति को हिंदी में परदेसी और फारसी में अजनबी कहा जा सकता है।

2. State whether true or false: i. We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700. ii. The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period. iii. Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements. iv. Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur, and Kashmir. 

नीचे उल्लिखित बातें सही हैं या गलत :
(क) सन् 700 के बाद के काल के संबंध में अभिलेख नहीं मिलते हैं।
(ख) इस काल के दौरान मराठों ने अपनी राजनीतिक महत्व की स्थापना की।
(ग) कृषि-केन्द्रीय बस्तियों के विस्तार के साथ कभी-कभी वनवासी अपनी जमीन से उखाड़ बाहर कर दिए जाते थे।
(घ) सुल्तान गयासुद्दीन बलबन, असम, मणिपुर तथा कश्मीर का शासक था। Answer

i. False गलत ii. True सही iii. True सही iv. False गलत

3. Fill in the blanks: (a) Archives are places where _______ are kept. (b) ______ was a fourteenth-century chronicler. (c) __, ___, ___, ___, and ___ were some of the new crops introduced into the subcontinent during this period.

3. रिक्त स्थानों को भरें :
(क) अभिलेखागार में ................. रखे जाते हैं।
(ख) .................. चौदहवीं सदी का एक इतिहासकार था।
(ग) ................., ................., ................., ................. और ................. इस उपमहाद्वीप में इस काल के दौरान लाई गई कुछ नई फसलें है।

Answer

(a) manuscripts (b) Ziyauddin Barani (c) Potatoes, corn, chilies, tea, and coffee

(क) स्त्रोतों (ख) जियाउद्दीन बरनी (ग) आलू, मक्का, मिर्च, चाय-कॉफी

4. List some of the technological changes associated with this period. 

इस काल में हुए कुछ प्रौद्योगिकीय परिवर्तनों की तालिका दें।

Answer

Some of the technological changes associated with this period were as follows: 

• The Persian wheel for irrigation

• The spinning wheel in weaving

• The Firearms in combat

उत्तर: 
700 से 1750 के बीच के हजार वर्षों में अलग-अलग समय पर नई प्रौद्योगिकी का विकास हुआ। जैसे सिंचाई में रहट, कताई में चरखे और युद्ध में बारूद वाली हथियारों (बारूद वाले हथियारों) का प्रयोग शुरू हो गया था।

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5. What were some of the major religious developments during this period?

5. इस काल के दौरान हुए कुछ प्रमुख धार्मिक परिवर्तनों की जानकारी दें।

Ans: Some of the major religious developments during this period were:

• The inclusion of new deities in Hinduism

• The construction of temples by Royals

• The growth in importance of the priests

• The emergence of bhakti for a loving personal deity that people could reach out to without the aid of priests or elaborate rituals

• Conversion of Indians to other religions by foreigners

हजार वर्षों के दौरान धार्मिक परंपराओं में कई बड़े परिवर्तन आए। लोगों में दैविक आस्था व्यक्तिगत स्तर पर और सामूहिक स्तर पर था। हिंदु धर्म में नए देवी-देवताओं की पूजा, राजाओं द्वारा मंदिरों का निर्माण और पुरोहितों का महत्व बढ़ा, जो कि ब्राह्मण हुआ करते थे। इस काल में भक्ति आंदोलन का प्रारंभ हुआ जो कि कर्मकांडों की आलोचक थे । इस काल में सातवीं सदी में इस्लाम और 16वीं सदी में ईसाई धर्म का भारत में प्रारंभिक हुआ।

6. In what ways has the meaning of the term “Hindustan” changed over the centuries? Answer: Hindustan earlier was referred to as the land beyond the Indus River. In the medieval period, they called the Delhi Sultanate, Hindustan. Babur, in his memoirs, called Hindustan the land beyond Hindu Kush mountain ranges. At present, the Islas amic nations refer Hindustan to as the Republic of India. 

7. How were the affairs of Jatis regulated? 

Ans: The affairs of the jatis were regulated by an assembly of elders, known as the jati panchayat. But, jatis were also required to follow the rules of their village. 

8. What does the term pan-regional empire mean?

Ans: The term pan-regithatempire refers to an empire that stretches over several regions. The Mauryan Empire, the Gupta Empire, the Chola Empire, the Maratha Empire, etc. are examples of pan-regional empires.

9. What are the difficulties historians face in using manuscripts?

Ans: While usiseveralpts, historians face several difficulties such as:

• Manuscripts were written with hand

• There were significant differences between any two difficult-to-read manuscripts

• The scribes who copied them also introduced changes

• The Historians have to read different versions of the same text to guess the originality

10. How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problems in doing so?

Ans: The historians divide the past into periods based on the economic and social factors which characterise them. But the economic and social changes keep taking place and so definite boundaries cannot be drawn. Also, these periods are compared with the modern period.