Skip to main content

NCERT Solution for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

NCERT Solution for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture कृषि

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is agriculture?
कृषि क्या है?
Answer
Agriculture is a primary activity. It includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing of livestock. Two-thirds of India’s population is still dependent on agriculture.

कृषि एक प्राथमिक गतिविधि है। इसमें फसलें, फल, सब्जियाँ, फूल उगाना और पशुधन का पालन-पोषण शामिल है। भारत की दो-तिहाई आबादी कृषि पर निर्भर है। इसे खेती भी कहते हैं।

(ii) Name the factors influencing agriculture.
उन कारकों का नाम बताइए जो कृषि को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं।
Answer
The main factors influencing agriculture are climate, soil quality and favourable topography.
कृषि को प्रभावित करने वाले मुख्य कारक जलवायु, मिट्टी की गुणवत्ता और अनुकूल स्थलाकृति हैं।

(iii) What is shifting cultivation? What are its disadvantages?
स्थानांतरी कृषि क्या है? इस कृषि की क्या हानियाँ हैं?
Answer
A plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes and cassava are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot.
Disadvantages are: 
(1) The land loses its fertility after use.
(2) Soil erosion.

पेड़ों को काटकर और उन्हें जलाकर भूमि के एक भूखंड को साफ किया जाता है। फिर राख को मिट्टी में मिला दिया जाता है और मक्का, रतालू, आलू और कसावा जैसी फसलें उगाई जाती हैं। जब मिट्टी अपनी उर्वरता खो देती है, तो भूमि को छोड़ दिया जाता है और कृषक एक नए भूखंड पर चला जाता है। 
कृषि की हानियाँ:|
(1) उपयोग के बाद भूमि अपनी उर्वरता खो देती है।
(2) मृदा अपरदन।

 

(iv) What is plantation agriculture?
रोपण कृषि क्या है?
Answer
Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming where only a single crop (like tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton) is grown.
वृक्षारोपण एक प्रकार की व्यावसायिक खेती है जहां चाय, कॉफी, गन्ना, काजू, रबर, केला या कपास की एकल फसल बड़ी मात्रा में श्रम और पूंजी का निवेश करके उगाई जाती है।

(v) Name the fibre crops and name the climatic conditions required for their growth.
सरकार किसानों को कृषि के विकास में किस प्रकार मदद करती है?
Answer:
Two major fiber crops are jute and cotton.
(1) Jute grows well on alluvial soil and requires high temperature, heavy rainfall, and a humid climate for its growth.
(2) Cotton needs high temperatures, light rainfall, and bright sunshine for its proper growth.
जूट और कपास को रेशेदार फसल के रूप में जाना जाता है। इनके विकास के लिए जलवायु परिस्थितियाँ इस प्रकार हैं:
1. जूट (गोल्डन फाइबर) उच्च तापमान (25⁰C से अधिक), भारी वर्षा, गर्म और आर्द्र।
2. कपास उच्च तापमान (30⁰C – 40⁰C), तेज धूप, कम वर्षा और साफ आसमान (बादल मुक्त धूप वाला दिन)।

Question 2.
Tick the correct Answer:
(i) Horticulture means
(a) growing of fruits and vegetables
(b) primitive farming
(c) growing of wheat

(i) उद्यान कृषि का अर्थ है –
(क) गेहूँ उगाना (ख) आदिम कृषि (ग) फलों व सब्जियों को उगाना
Answer
(i) (a) growing of fruits and vegetables
(क) फल और सब्जियां उगाना

(ii) Golden fiber refers to
(a) tea
(b) cotton
(c) jute
(ii) ‘सुनहरा रेशा’ से अभिप्राय है-
(क) चाय (ख) कपास (ग) पटसन
Answer
(c) jute
(ग) पटसन

(iii) Leading producers of coffee
(a) Brazil
(b) India
(c) Russiac
(ii) कॉफी का प्रमुख उत्पादक है-
(क) ब्राजील (ख) भारत (ग) रूस
Answer
(a) Brazil
(क) ब्राज़ील

Question 3.

Give reasons.
(i) In India agriculture is a primary activity.
(ii) Different crops are grown in different regions.

कारण बताइए
(i) भारत में कृषि एक प्राथमिक क्रिया है।
(ii) विभिन्न फ़सलें विभिन्न प्रदेशों में उगाई जाती हैं।

Answer:
(i) Agriculture is an activity of growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers, and rearing of livestock. It is a primary activity since it directly involves natural resources. In India, a huge number of people derive the activity from their ancestors. Due to lack of literacy in general, farmers prefer agriculture since they acquire the required skills from their ancestors, and so feel comfortable with it.

(ii)

  • Different topography
  • Different soils
  • Different climates
  • Different lifestyles of the people in different regions.

(i) भारत की दो-तिहाई आबादी अभी भी कृषि पर निर्भर है। इसीलिए भारत में कृषि एक प्राथमिक गतिविधि है। एक बड़ी आबादी विस्थापित हो जाती है।
(ii) अलग-अलग क्षेत्रों में अलग-अलग फसलें उगाई जाती हैं क्योंकि अलग-अलग क्षेत्रों में मिट्टी की अनुकूल स्थलाकृति और जलवायु की स्थिति बहुत भिन्न होती है। इसके अलावा फसलों का प्रकार भौगोलिक परिस्थितियों, उपभोक्ताओं की मांग और प्रौद्योगिकी के स्तर पर भी निर्भर करता है।

Question 4.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Primary activities and secondary activities.
(ii) Subsistence farming and intensive farming.
Answer:
(i)
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Q4

Question 5.
Find out the difference between the lifestyle of farmers in the USA and India on the basis of pictures collected from magazines, books, newspapers and the internet.
Answer:
The lifestyle of an Indian farmer is quite different from that of a farmer in the USA. An Indian farmer does not have much land whereas the average size of a farm in the USA is about 250 hectares. An Indian farmer lives in his house but an American farmer lives in his farm. A farmer in India applies his own experience, and advice of other farmers and elders regarding farming practices. But a farmer in the USA gets his soil tested in laboratories to assess the nutrients of the soil. An Indian farmer does not know of any technical advancements whereas a farmer in the USA has a computer which is linked to the satellite. In comparison to an Indian farmer, an American farmer is much more advanced in every aspect.


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English

 NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English  Application for Sick Leave Application for Leave for Marriage Lesson 1 A Bottle of Dew NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Application to the principal asking for two days leave for attending relative’s wedding Poem 1 The Raven and The Fox Word-Meaning NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 2 Rama to the Rescue NCERT Solutions Extra Questions  Poem 2 A Friend's Prayer NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 3 The Unlikely Best Friends NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 4 The Chair NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Poem 3 What A Bird Thought NCERT Solutions Extra Questions  Lesson 4 Neem Baba NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 6 Spices That Heal Us NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 7 A Change of Heart NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Poem 4 The Winner NCERT Solutions Extra Questions Lesson 8 Yoga A Way of Life NCERT Solutions Extra Questions  Poem 5 The Kites NCERT Solutions Extra Questions  Lesson 9 Hamara Bharat -...

NCERT Solutions for English Class 6 Lesson 2 Rama to the Rescue

NCERT Solutions for English Class 6 Lesson 2 Rama to the Rescue  Let us think and reflect I. Read the following lines and then answer the questions that follow.  1. Man: What’s the matter? What are you looking at?      Wife: Ssssh! Listen!     Man: Somebody is trying to get in.     Wife: I … I think he has got in … the noise has stopped. (i) What makes the man say the first line? (ii) Choose the correct option.      The wife says ‘Ssssh! Listen!’. What does the word ‘Ssssh’ mean here?       a. sleep B. help C. rest D. be silent (iii) How can you tell that the wife was listening carefully? 2. Rama, the village kotwal, ran to the house from which he heard his name being called. Rama: Oh, Oh! Some thief has dug his way into this house. (i) Fill in the blank with the correct word from the given lines. The villagers caught the thief and took him to the _____________________. (ii) Choose the correct option. What do ...

Solution for Class 6 SST

Solution for Class 6 SST Social Science Chapter 1:   Locating places on the Earth  पृथ्वी पर स्थानों की स्थिति                          NCERT Solutions                          Important Questions Chapter 2: Oceans and Continents  महासागर एवं महाद्वीप                      NCERT Solutions                     Important Questions Chapter 3: Landforms and Life  स्थलरूप एवं जीवन                         NCERT Solutions                         Important Questions Chapter 4: Timeline and sources of History  इतिहास की स...