Class 8 English Chapter 3 Glimpses of the Past - Word-Meaning
📘 Glimpses of the Past – Word-Meaning
1. The Martyrs
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Meaning (Hindi) |
|
Countrymen |
People of one’s own country |
देशवासियों |
|
Recall |
To remember |
याद करना |
|
Sacrifices |
Giving up something valuable for a cause |
बल, बलिदान |
|
Martyrs |
People who die for a noble cause |
शहीद |
🟩 2. The Company’s Conquests (1757–1849)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Short‑sighted |
Lacking foresight |
संक्षिप्तदृष्टि |
|
Upstart |
An arrogant, newly successful person |
घमंडी, नवकर्ता |
|
Extend |
To spread or make larger |
फैलाना |
|
Constant |
Continuous or unending |
लगातार |
|
Subdue |
To conquer or bring under control |
दबा देना |
|
Dethrone |
Remove from power or position |
गद्दी से हटाना |
|
Foreigner |
A person from another country |
विदेशी |
🟩 3. British Rule (1765–1836)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Preach |
To deliver moral or sermon-like speech |
प्रचार करना |
|
Self-respect |
Pride in oneself |
आत्मसम्मान |
|
Scorn |
To despise or treat with contempt |
तिरस्कार करना |
|
Incapable |
Not able to do something |
अक्षम |
|
Ruin |
To destroy |
नष्ट करना |
|
Famine |
Extreme scarcity of food |
अकाल |
4. Ram Mohan Roy (1772–1833)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Reform |
Make changes for improvement |
सुधार करना |
|
Superstition |
Belief without scientific basis |
अंधविश्वास |
|
Subjects |
The people ruled by a sovereign |
प्रजा |
|
Owe |
To have a duty to someone |
उधारदार होना / कृतज्ञ होना |
|
Achievement |
Something accomplished successfully |
उपलब्धि |
|
Despise |
To regard with contempt |
उपेक्षा करना / घृणा करना |
5. Oppression (1765–1835)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Oppress |
To treat cruelly or unjustly |
अत्याचार करना |
|
Fortune |
Great wealth or luck |
à¤ाग्य / धन |
|
Prosper |
To succeed financially |
सम्पन्न होना |
|
Misrule |
Bad or corrupt rule |
कुशासन |
|
Regulation |
A rule or law enforced by authority |
नियम / कानून |
6. Dissatisfaction (1835–56)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Petty |
Small or insignificant |
छोटा-मोटा |
|
Intellectual |
A person possessing deep thinking and knowledge |
बुद्धिजीवी |
|
Grievances |
Complaints or injustices |
शिकायतें |
|
Convert |
To change from one form to another |
बदलना / रूपांतरित करना |
7. The Sparks (1855–57)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Taxes |
Compulsory payments to government |
कर |
|
Peasants |
Farmers |
किसान |
|
Massacred |
Killed ruthlessly |
वध करना / नरसंहार करना |
|
Mansion |
Large, impressive house |
कोठी, हवेली |
|
Pittance |
A small or insufficient amount |
बेहद नगण्य राशि |
|
Cartridge |
Ammunition for guns |
कारतूस |
|
Revolt |
An uprising |
विद्रोह |
8. Revolt (1857)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Outbreak |
A sudden eruption (of rebellion, disease, etc.) |
प्रकोप / विस्फोट |
|
Landlord |
Owner of land or property |
ज़मींदार |
|
Mutiny |
Rebellion by soldiers |
सिपाही विद्रोह |
|
Fierce |
Very strong or violent |
उग्र / à¤ीषण |
|
Crushed |
Completely defeated |
कुचल देना |
9. The Fight for Freedom (1857)
|
Word |
Meaning (English) |
Hindi Meaning |
|
Bitter |
Harsh or unpleasant |
कड़वा |
|
Upsurge |
A sudden increase |
लहर |
|
Pounce |
To spring upon or attack swiftly |
पंजा मारना |
|
Battles |
Fights between armies |
लड़ाइयां / युद्ध |
|
Patriots |
Those who love and fight for their country |
देशà¤à¤•्त |
|
Combat |
To fight against something |
लड़ना / मुकाबला करना |
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