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Solution of Extra Questions for Class 8 Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

Solution of Extra Questions for Class 8 Chapter 2 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

1.    How does virus differ from other microorganisms? (17)
विषाणु अन्य सूक्ष्मजीवों से किस प्रकार भिन्न होते हैं

Answer
Viruses are different from other microorganisms because they reproduce only inside the living cells of the host organism. They are inactive outside the body of the host.
विषाणु अन्य सूक्ष्मजीवों से भिन्न होते हैं क्योंकि ये केवल जीवित प्राणियों की कोशिकाओं के भीतर ही प्रजनन कर सकते हैं। जीवित प्राणी के शरीर के बाहर ये निष्क्रिय रहते हैं।

2.    Write the name of any for diseases which are caused by virus. (18)
विषाणु द्वारा होने वाले किन्ही चार रोगों के नाम लिखिए।

Answer
Common viral diseases are:
(1) Cold (2) Influenza (3) Polio (4) Chickenpox
विषाणु से होने वाले चार रोग:
(1) सर्दी (2) फ्लू (इन्फ्लुएंजा) (3) पोलियो (4) चिकनपॉक्स

3.    Write any two ways of food preservation. (20)
खाद्य परिरक्षण के कोई दो उपाय लिखिए।

Answer
Two methods of food preservation are:
(1) Refrigeration (2) Adding preservatives like sodium benzoate or vinegar
खाद्य परिरक्षण के दो उपाय:
(1) प्रशीतन (रेफ्रिजरेशन) (2) परिरक्षकों का प्रयोग जैसे सोडियम बेंजोएट या सिरका

4.    What is the reason of food poisoning? (21)
खाद्य विषाक्तन का क्या कारण हो सकता है?

Answer
Food poisoning is caused by the consumption of food contaminated by microorganisms (such as bacteria).
खाद्य विषाक्तन उस भोजन के सेवन से होता है जो सूक्ष्मजीवों (जैसे कि बैक्टीरिया) से दूषित हो गया हो।

5.    Draw the diagram of any one fungus and one protozoan each.
किसी एक कवक और एक प्रोटोजोआ का चित्र बनाइए।

Answer
Fungus (Bread mould) – 



Protozoa (Amoeba) – 

6.    Write three examples of fungi. (16)
कवक के तीन उदाहरण लिखिए।

Answer
Three examples of Fungi are:
(1) Y
east (2) Bread mould (3) Penicillium
कवक के तीन उदाहरण:
(1) यीस्ट (2) ब्रेड मोल्ड (3) पेनिसिलियम

7.    How does microorganisms play an important role in cleaning the environment? (19)
पर्यावरण शुद्धिकरण में सूक्ष्मजीव कैसे महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं?

Answer
Microorganisms decompose dead plants and animals and convert them into simple substances, thereby cleaning the environment.
सूक्ष्मजीव मृत पौधों और जानवरों को सड़ाकर सरल पदार्थों में परिवर्तित कर देते हैं जिससे पर्यावरण की सफाई होती है।

8.    Why should not we use polythene? (Give three reasons)
हमें पॉलिथीन का प्रयोग क्यों नहीं करना चाहिए? (कोई तीन कारण)

Answer

  1. Polythene is non-biodegradable.

  2. It pollutes land and water.

  3. It harms animals when ingested.

  1. पॉलिथीन अपघटनीय नहीं होती।

  2. यह भूमि और जल को प्रदूषित करती है।

  3. इसे खाने से जानवरों को हानि होती है।


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